Light-near dissociation

Light-near dissociation (LND) is a pupillary sign that occurs when the pupillary light reaction is impaired while the near reaction (accommodative response) remains intact.

Pretectal lesions may be associated with any of 3 different patterns of pupillary deficit.

1. Midline lesions affecting the posterior commissure cause bilateral LND,
2. Lesions located more ventrolaterally within the periaqueductal gray cause ipsilateral LND,
3. Lesions located more dorsolaterally within the superior brachium cause a contralateral relative afferent pupillary defect

Pretectal area

Pretectal area or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system

Unilateral LND

1. Afferent conduction defect
2. Adie pupil
   Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
3. Aberrant regeneration of the third cranial nerve
4. (pseudo-ARP)

Bilateral LND

1. Neurosyphilis
2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
3. Myotonic dystrophy
4. Parinaud (dorsal midbrain) syndrome
5. Familial amyloidosis
6. Encephalitis
7. Chronic alcoholism
8. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
9. Dejerine-Sottas disease

Adenomyosis Uterus: Facts to Know – FEMELIFE

Adenomyosis uterus can cause complications during pregnancy like early pregnancy loss or preterm delivery due the inflammation of womb.