Question Bank

Ductus-Dependent Circulation Q1. Which of the following is an example of ductus-dependent systemic circulation? Hypoplastic…

Classification of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Q1. Which of the following is a right heart…

Doppler signs of cardiac tamponade Doppler signs of cardiac tamponade Doppler Echocardiographic Signs of Cardiac…

Cardiac Tamponade – Echocardiography Findings Echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac tamponade. It…

🔹 Ewart’s Sign ✅ Definition:Ewart’s sign is a clinical finding in large pericardial effusion caused…

Pericardial Effusion Definition:Pericardial effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac (the…

Types of Atrial fibrillation Types of Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysmal AF Definition: Episodes that start suddenly…

Friedreich’s sign 1. What is Friedreich’s sign? Friedreich’s sign is the rapid and deep collapse…

Kussmaul’s Sign – Overview 🔹 Definition Kussmaul’s sign is the paradoxical rise in jugular venous…

Crochetage sign The Crochetage sign is an electrocardiographic (ECG) finding classically associated with an ostium…

Werner Classification of Coronary Collaterals (angiographic classification, widely used in interventional cardiology): Werner Collateral Connection…

Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals What is the Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals? The Rentrop…

Digitalis effect Digoxin effect on the ECG of:Downsloping ST depression with a characteristic “reverse tick”…

Estrogen’s Digoxin-Like Effect on ECG: ST Segment Changes Down-sloping (scooped) ST segment depression — similar…

ECG Changes in Hypokalemia ECG changes in Hypokalemia :1.prolongs ventricular diastole 2.Flattening of T wave…