Acute pancreatitis
Contents
- 1 Most common causes of acute pancreatitis are
- 2 The Atlanta classification broadly classifies acute pancreatitis into
- 3 Not a causative organism of acute pancreatitis
- 4 Not true regarding evaluation of acute pancreatitis
- 5 All are true regarding treatment of acute pancreatitis except
- 6 In short
- 7 Grey-Turners sign
- 8 Cullen’s sign
- 9 Revised Atlanta Classification
- 10 Gallstone pancreatitis
- 11 Hypertriglyceridemia
- 12 Pseudocysts Drainage
- 13 Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis ( BISAP ) score
Most common causes of acute pancreatitis are
A. Gallstones, alcohol use, and hypertriglyceridemia
B. Drug-induced, gallstones and Trauma
C. Alcohol use, organophosphate poisoning and gallstones
D. Smoking, alcohol and gallstones
The Atlanta classification broadly classifies acute pancreatitis into
A. Mild, moderate and severe variety
B. Infective and Toxin induced types
C. Interstitial edema and necrotising variety
D. Exocrine and endocrine types
Not a causative organism of acute pancreatitis
A. Rubella
B. Mycoplasma
C. Epstein-Barr virus
D. Pseudomonas
Not true regarding evaluation of acute pancreatitis
A. MRCP lacks sensitivity for detecting chronic pancreatitis
B. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is preferred over MRCP for detecting biliary stones less than 3 mm
C. Diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a routine in all cases of acute pancreatitis
D. If MRCP and EUS are unavailable, then computed tomography with pancreatic protocol can be chosen
All are true regarding treatment of acute pancreatitis except
A. The fluid of choice is Lactated Ringer’s solution
B. Early feeding in mild pancreatitis can be considered safe
C. In severe pancreatitis parenteral nutrition is considered superior to nasojejunal feeding
D. The analgesics of choices are opioids fentanyl and meperidine, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
In short
Grey-Turners sign
In extreme cases of acute pancreatitis where retroperitoneal bleeding has occurred, the Grey-Turners sign may be present as ecchymosis at the flanks.
Cullen’s sign
Cullen’s sign appears as periumbilical ecchymosis secondary to peritoneal hemorrhage.
Revised Atlanta Classification
Revised Atlanta Classification, the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis requires meeting at least 2 of 3 criteria:
- A lipase or amylase level is three times the normal
- Abdominal pain is consistent with pancreatitis
- Abdominal imaging is consistent with acute pancreatitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
In gallstone pancreatitis, there is a strong recommendation for early cholecystectomy.
Hypertriglyceridemia
In hypertriglyceridemia, specific treatment aims to reduce triglyceride levels to less than 500 mg/dL. This goal is achieved by apheresis and insulin drip with or without glucose.
Pseudocysts Drainage
Drainage of pseudocysts after pancreatitis is only recommended in case of infection and rapid enlargement.
Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis ( BISAP ) score
Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis ( BISAP ) score –
0-2 points indicate lower mortality of less than 2%,
3-5 points indicate higher mortality more significant than 15%.
Compared with other scoring systems like Ranson criteria and APACHE II score, the BISAP score outperforms in specificity but has a suboptimal sensitivity for mortality and SAP.
