Mitral Valve – Surgical Considerations


Stiffness of the valve decreases in the presence of –


A. Acetylcholine

B. Norepinephrine

C. Epinephrin

D. Dopamine



ALL are TRUE about papillary muscles of Left ventricle EXCEPT –


A. Papillary muscles originate from the apical portion of the left ventricle

B. Anterolateral papillary muscle are two in number

C. Posteromedial papillary muscle are one in number

D. Papillary muscles system prevents Mitral leaflet prolapse



Which is the most common valvular abnormality worldwide?


A. MS

B. MR

C. AS

D. AR



In case of ‘Functional mitral regurgitation’ all of the following are normal EXCEPT-


A. Anterior mitral valve leaflet

B. Posterior mitral valve leaflet

C. Mitral annulus apparatus

D. Left ventricular wall



Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is defined as the displacement of one or more leaflets by –


A. > 3.5 mm into the left atrium during ventricular systole

B. > 3.5 mm into the left ventricle during ventricular systole

C. > 2 mm into the left atrium during ventricular systole

D. > 2 mm into the left ventricle during ventricular systole



Which murmur is classical for Mitral valve prolapse?

A. Early-to-mid systolic murmur

B. Mid-to-late systolic murmur

C. Early-to-mid diastolic murmur

D. Mid-to-late diastolic murmur



Most common cause of Mitral Stenosis

A. Rheumatic fever

B. Rheumatic heart disease

C. Rheumatoid arthritis

D. Calcific Mitral stenosis



Normal orifice of the mitral valve area is –


A. 1 to 2 cm2

B. 2 to 4 cm2

C. 4 to 6 cm2

C. 6 to 8 cm2



Severe mitral stenosis is considered when the area is less than


A. 1 cm2

B. 2 cm2

C. 3 cm2

D. 4 cm2



Symptoms of mitral stenosis most commonly manifest during —— decade of life

A. 1st or 2nd

B. 2nd or 3rd

C. 3rd or 4th

D. 4th or 5th



Patients of mitral stenosis can develop hoarseness of voice due to compression of the

A. External Laryngeal nerve

B. Internal Laryngeal nerve

C. Vagus nerve

D. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve



Mitral valve Valve repair is preferable to valve replacement because of all of the following EXCEPT –

A. Avoidance of long-term anticoagulation

B. Prosthetic valve dysfunction

C. Paravalvular leak

D. Excellent result in rheumatic mitral valve disease




In shorts


Autonomic nervous systemMechanical properties of the mitral valve
1AcetylcholineStiffness of the valve – decreases
2NorepinephrineStiffness of the valve – increases
ANS modulates mechanical properties of the mitral valve

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