Contents
All are true about Hyaline casts EXCEPT
A. Colorless
B. Low refractive index
C. Occur in normal urine when it is acidic
D. Easily seen with bright-field microscopy
What is the color of Uric acid crystals?
A. Black
B. White
C. Amber
D. Colourless
Renal Casts matrix is made of
A. Albumin
B. Uromodulin
C. Calmodulin
D. Bence-Jones Protein
Struvite crystals are
A. Uric acid crystals
B. Calcium oxalate crystals
C. Calcium phosphate
D. Triple phosphate
Brushite crystals are
A. Uric acid crystals
B. Calcium oxalate crystals
C. Calcium phosphate
D. Triple phosphate
In short
Renal Casts
| Renal Casts | |||
| 1 | Hyaline casts | colorless with a low refractive index | Hyaline casts may occur in normal urine |
| 2 | Hyaline-granular casts | most common mixed casts | GN and acute interstitial nephritis |
| 3 | Granular casts | finely granular or coarsely granular | AKI , ATN |
| 4 | Waxy | Renal disease with possible functional impairment | |
| 5 | Fatty | Proteinuria | nephrotic syndrome |
| 6 | Erythrocyte | Glomerular hematuria | proliferative/ necrotizing GN; acute interstitial nephritis |
| 7 | Leukocyte | Acute interstitial nephritis; acute pyelonephritis; proliferative GN | |
| 8 | Renal tubular epithelial cell | So-called epithelial casts | Acute tubular necrosis; acute interstitial nephritis; proliferative GN; nephrotic syndrome |
| 9 | Myoglobin | Rhabdomyolysis | |
| 10 | Containing crystals | Renal stone disease; crystalline nephropathies | |
‘Coffin lids’ structures
Triple phosphate crystals. Triple phosphate crystals contain magnesium ammonium phosphate, and most frequently have the appearance of
‘Coffin lids’ structures – Commonest type
‘Flower-like’ structures
‘Scissors-like’ structures
