A. Columnar to Squamous
B. Squamous to Columnar
C. Transitional to Columnar
D. Columnar to Transitional
ANSWER -A.
Columnar to Squamous.
Most common epithelial metaplasia is columnar to squamous type.
In response to chronic irritation. In the habitual cigarette smoker, the normal ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi are often replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.
A. Airways
B. Bladder
C. Cervix
D. Esophagus
ANSWER -D.
Squamous metaplasia is a benign non-cancerous change (metaplasia) of surfacing lining cells (epithelium) to a squamous morphology.
Barrett’s esophagus – abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium
A. Male & Peripheral Obesity
B. Female & Peripheral Obesity
C. Male & Central Obesity
D. Female & Central Obesity
ANSWER -C.
Male & Central Obesity
A. Vitamin – A
B. Vitamin – K
C. Vitamin – E
D. Vitamin – B12
ANSWER -A.
Vitamin – A.
chronic vitamin A deficiency – epithelial tissues of the type found in the bronchi and urinary bladder may gradually be replaced by stratified squamous epithelium.
vitamin A suppresses TGase 1 expression in normal vocal folds to inhibit keratinization, and that the TGase 1 up-regulation caused by vitamin A deficiency may be related to the formation of metaplasia in the laryngeal epithelium.
A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Ileum
D. Colon
ANSWER -B.
Stomach
Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM)
chronic Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to the loss of acid-secreting parietal cells in some patients and atrophic gastritis causes loss of parietal cells,
As parietal cells die, metaplastic cells that express abundant spasmolytic polypeptide (SP, also known as TFF2) emerge; thus, this type of metaplasia is referred to as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM)
A. Foveolar hyperplasia
B. Barrett’s esophagus
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
ANSWER -A.
Foveolar hyperplasia
Foveolar hyperplasia was defined as the presence of abnormal branching and twisting and at least a twofold elongation of gastric cardiac foveolae and pits.
In-Shorts
Intestinal metaplasia can be caused by –
– H. pylori infection
– High salt intake
– Alcohol consumption
– Chronic acid reflux.
Risk factors for endometrial metaplasia include –
– obesity;
– greater estrogen exposure (e.g., early menarche, late menopause);
– diet high in animal fat;
– family history of endometrial, ovarian, and/or colon cancers.
