A. Antigen
B. Immunoglobulin
C. Immune complex
D. Phospholipid
ANSWER – B.
B. Immunoglobulin
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Lupus anticoagulant is an immunoglobulin
A. Aase syndrome
B. Behr syndrome
C. Asherson’s syndrome
D. Meckel syndrome
ANSWER – C.
C. Asherson’s syndrome
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Asherson’s syndrome is a severe variant of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Asherson’s syndrome, also known as catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.
A. Anticardiolipin antibodies IgG
B. Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-I antibodies
C. Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-I antibodies
D. Anti-sp100
ANSWER – D.
D. Anti-sp100
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Known antiphospholipid antibodies are:
– Anticardiolipin antibodies IgG or IgM
– Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-I antibodies IgG or IgM
– Lupus anticoagulants
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Anti-sp100 -associated with Primary biliary cirrhosis
A. Anticardiolipin antibodies positive
B. Once Diagnosis is confirmed
C. After First Thrombotic episode
D. After Pregnancy Loss
ANSWER – C.
C. After First Thrombotic episode
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After the first thrombotic event, APS patients should be placed on warfarin for life, aiming to achieve an international normalized ratio (INR) ranging from 2.5 to 3.5, alone or in combination with 80 mg of aspirin daily.
A. Present mostly in young women
B. Recurrent pregnancy loss
C. 40% of patients with SLE will test positive for the anti-phospholipid autoantibodies
D. All of the patients with SLE with positive APLA progress to APLS
ANSWER – D.
D. All of the patients with SLE with positive APLA progress to APLS
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Patients with SLE are at high risk of having a positive APLA test, as well as an APLA related clinical outcome (thrombosis or pregnancy-related morbidity).
50% to 70% of the patients with SLE with positive APLA progress to APLS.
A. Cavernous sinus thrombosis
B. Sagittal sinus thrombosis
C. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities
D. Subclavian vein thrombosis
ANSWER – C.
C. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities
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APS patients, the most common venous event is deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities
A. Stroke
B. Myocardial Infarction
C. Mesenteric IInfarction
D. Acute Limb Ischemia
ANSWER – A.
A. Stroke
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Most common arterial event is stroke
A. Brighton Criteria
B. DSM-5-TR criteria
C. Sapporo criteria
D. Framingham Diagnostic Criteria
ANSWER – C.
C. Sapporo criteria
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Sapporo criteria For diagnosis of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
In-Shorts
All patients with APLA do not develop APLS.
HIGH RISK
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Antibody profile, including type and titer and underlying comorbidities, may determine the likelihood of developing clinical APLS.
Tripple positivity with positive lupus anticoagulant and high titers of anticardiolipin and anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies pose a high risk for the development of APLS.
LOW RISK
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Isolated or intermittent positivity or low titers of anticardiolipin or anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies pose a low risk.
High risk for recurrent thrombosis.:
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– Patients with SLE,
– Coexisting cardiovascular risk factors,
– History of recurrent thrombotic events despite anticoagulation therapy,
– History of arterial thrombosis
Diagnostic criteria require
– one clinical event (i.e. thrombosis or pregnancy complication)
– two positive blood test results spaced at least three months apart that detect :
lupus anticoagulant, anti-apolipoprotein antibodies, or anti-cardiolipin antibodies
Brighton Criteria is used in the Early Diagnosis and Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
