Syncope
A. Neurally mediated syncope
B. Orthostatic syncope
C. Cardiac syncope
D. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
ANSWER-A
A. Neurally mediated syncope
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Commonest cause, irrespective of age, sex, or comorbidity, is vasovagal Syncope.
Several terms are used to describe this type of syncope, including vasovagal, neurocardiogenic, and neurally mediated syncope (NMS).
The second commonest cause is cardiac syncope.
A. Vasovagal syncope
B. Orthostatic syncope
C. Cardiac syncope
D. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
ANSWER-C
C. Cardiac syncope
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syncope due to a cardiac cause, either structural heart disease or primary arrhythmic disease, is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death and mortality from other causes
A. 15 Years
B. 20 Years
C. 25 Years
D. 30 Years
ANSWER-A
A. 15 Years
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Peak incidence of syncope in the young occurs between ages 10 and 30 years, with a median peak around 15 years.
A. Reduced baroreflex responsiveness
B. Increased cardiac compliance
C. Decrease in muscle tone
D. Attenuation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex
ANSWER-B
B. Increased cardiac compliance
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Orthostatic hypotension increases in prevalence with age because-
– Reduced baroreflex responsiveness,
– Decreased cardiac compliance, and
– Attenuation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex associated with aging
Orthostatic hypotension is more frequent in elderly patients because of multiple factors such as supine hypertension, age-related changes in baroreflexes and vasoconstrictor responses and a decrease in muscle tone, cardiac and vascular compliance.
A. 100–300
B. 300–500
C. 500–1000
D. 1000–1500
ANSWER-C
C. 500–1000
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Standing results in pooling of 500–1000 mL of blood in the lower extremities
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
ANSWER-C
C. 50
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Clinically fall in systemic systolic blood pressure to ~50 mmHg or lower will result in syncope.
A. Vasovagal syncope
B. Orthostatic hypotension
C. Cardiac syncope
D. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
ANSWER-B
B. Orthostatic hypotension
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“Coat-Hanger headache”
Neck pain, typically in the suboccipital, posterior cervical, and shoulder region (the “coat-hanger headache”),
Most likely due to neck muscle ischemia
In-Shorts
“Coat-Hanger headache”
Neck pain, typically in the suboccipital, posterior cervical, and shoulder region (the “coat-hanger headache”),
Most likely due to neck muscle ischemia
Three general categories of syncope :
(1) neurally mediated syncope (also called reflex or vasovagal syncope)
(2) orthostatic hypotension
(3) cardiac syncope
Vasovagal syncope
Several terms are used to describe this type of syncope-
– Neurocardiogenic
– Neurally mediated syncope (NMS).
Orthostatic hypotension -increases in prevalence with age because –
– Reduced baroreflex responsiveness,
– Decreased cardiac compliance, and
– Attenuation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex
