P wave
A. onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
B. end of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
C. onset of atrial depolarization and the end of ventricular depolarization.
D. end of atrial depolarization and the end of ventricular depolarization.
ANSWER-A.
A. onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
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PR interval – is the time between the onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
A. onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
B. end of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
C. onset of atrial depolarization and the end of ventricular depolarization.
D. end of atrial depolarization and the end of ventricular depolarization.
ANSWER-B.
B. end of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
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PR interval – is the time between the end of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization.
Also called PTa segment
A. Lead -II
B. Lead -III
C. Lead – V1
D. Lead – aVR
ANSWER-C.
C. Lead – V1
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P wave is often biphasic in V1
A. Lead -I
B. Lead -II
C. Lead – V1
D. Lead – V6
ANSWER-B.
B. Lead -II
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Maximal height of the P wave seen in leads II and / or III.
Max normal height is – is 2.5 mm
A. Pericarditis
B. Endocarditis
C. Myocarditis
D. Mitral Stenosis
ANSWER-A.
A. Pericarditis
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Atrial infarction or Pericarditis
A. P mitrale
B. P pulmonale
C. Himalayan P wave
D. Tall P wave
ANSWER-A.
A. P mitrale
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P mitrale, also known as left atrial enlargement is noted by upright P waves in lead I, a bifid P wave in lead II which gives the “M” pattern of P mitrale.
Seen in cases of left atrial enlargement -Ex : Mitral Stenosis
A. Pulmonary Embolism
B. Pericarditis
C. Atrial septal defect
D. Ebstein anomaly
ANSWER-D.
D. Ebstein anomaly
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Ebstein anomaly is a congenital defect of the TV characterized by downward displacement of the TV into the right ventricle.
This results in atrialization of a portion of the right ventricle. The accompanying TR also contributes to the massive dilatation of the right atrium.
A. Focal atrial tachycardia
B. Pericarditis
C. Dextrocardia
D. Junctional tachycardia
ANSWER-C.
C. Dextrocardia
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Inverted P waves in Leads I and aVL-
– Dextrocardia
– Misplacement of leads- technical fault making false dextrocardia
A. Multifocal atrial tachycardia
B. Pericarditis
C. Dextrocardia
D. Ebstein anomaly
ANSWER-A.
A. Multifocal atrial tachycardia
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Ectopic foci in the lower atrium
– Focal atrial tachycardia
– Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Atrioventricular Origin
– AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
– AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
– Junctional tachycardia
Ventricular origin
– Premature ventricular complexes
– Ventricular bigeminy
– Ventricular trigeminy
– Ventricular couplets
