Basic Cardiology – VI
Contents
- 1 Triple apical impulse seen in -
- 2 Which of the following is TRUE about 'Triple apical impulse' of HOCM -
- 3 Sustained left parasternal heave occurs with-
- 4 All of the following are better heard in bell of stethoscope EXCEPT -
- 5 In healthy adults normal cardiothoracic ratio is usually -
- 6 Pulmonary oligaemia seen in all of the following EXCEPT?
- 7 Kerley B lines appear when pulmonary venous pressure is between -
- 8 Snowman sign seen in -
- 9 S1Q3T3 sign suggests presence of -
- 10 Hypokalemia is classified as severe at levels -
Triple apical impulse seen in -
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often have a triple apical impulse, with a pulsation in late diastole and two in systole.
Which of the following is TRUE about 'Triple apical impulse' of HOCM -
Sustained left parasternal heave occurs with-
Sustained left parasternal heave occurs with right ventricular hypertrophy
All of the following are better heard in bell of stethoscope EXCEPT -
Bell of the stethoscope is used for
- low-pitched sounds
-heart sounds and mid-diastolic murmur in mitral stenosis
The diaphragm is used for high-pitched sounds - systolic murmurs, aortic regurgitation, ejection clicks and opening snaps .
S3 & S4 Heart sounds are low frequency and thus best heard with the bell of the stethoscope.
In healthy adults normal cardiothoracic ratio is usually -
cardiothoracic ratio is usually less than 50%
Pulmonary oligaemia seen in all of the following EXCEPT?
Pulmonary oligaemia -
-
paucity of vascular markings and reduced pulmonary blood flow,
- Pulmonary embolism,
- Severe pulmonary stenosis
- Fallot’s tetralogy.
Kerley B lines appear when pulmonary venous pressure is between -
Normal pulmonary venous pressure is 5–14 mmHg at rest.
-
Mild pulmonary venous hypertension (15–20 mmHg) produces isolated dilatation of
the upper zone vessels.
-
Interstitial oedema occurs when the pressure is between 21 and 30 mmHg -
fluid collections in the interlobar fissures, interlobular septa (Kerley B lines)
-
Alveolar oedema occurs when the pressure exceeds
30 mmHg
Snowman sign seen in -
Snowman sign refers to the configuration of the heart and the superior mediastinal borders resembling a snowman. This is seen in total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) type I [supracardiac type]
S1Q3T3 sign suggests presence of -
S1Q3T3 sign -prominent S wave in lead I, Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III
- sign of acute cor pulmonale (acute pressure and volume overload of the right ventricle because of pulmonary hypertension)
- present in 15% to 25% of patients ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary emboli
Hypokalemia is classified as severe at levels -
Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels below 3.5 mmol/L defined as hypokalemia
It is classified as severe at levels < 2.5 mmol/L.
