Basic Cardiology-III
Contents
- 1 Sarcomere is bound by two -
- 2 All of the following happen as a muscle contracts EXCEPT?
- 3 All of the following shorten as a muscle contracts EXCEPT?
- 4 Left Ventricular stroke work can be estimated as the product of stroke volume and --------
- 5 Frank–Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in --------
- 6 Diastolic dysfunction is associated with all of the following EXCEPT -
- 7 What is the normal LV ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) ?
- 8 Ejection fraction is the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected with each beat divided by ----------
- 9 Return of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum is regulated by ------
- 10 All of the following helps to increase myocyte relaxation EXCEPT?
Sarcomere is bound by two -
Sarcomere is the basic unit of contraction.
Sarcomere is bound by two transverse Z lines
All of the following happen as a muscle contracts EXCEPT?
Sarcomere - shorten.
Actin and Myosin - do not shorten. [slide by one another-causing the sarcomere to shorten while the filaments remain the same length]
All of the following shorten as a muscle contracts EXCEPT?
H zone is the central region of the A zone - contains only thick filaments and is shortened during contraction.
A band does not shorten-it remains the same length
Left Ventricular stroke work can be estimated as the product of stroke volume and --------
Stroke work = aortic pressure × stroke volume
Ventricular stroke work can be estimated as the product of stroke volume and mean systolic pressure during ejection.
Frank–Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in --------
Frank–Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in end diastolic volume.
Diastolic dysfunction is associated with all of the following EXCEPT -
Diastolic dysfunction is associated with a reduced compliance, or increased stiffness, of the ventricle wall.
This reduced compliance results in an inadequate filling of the ventricle and a decrease in the end-diastolic volume
What is the normal LV ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) ?
LV ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) is approximately 120 mL
Ejection fraction is the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected with each beat divided by ----------
The ejection fraction is the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected with each beat; that is, it is stroke volume (SV) divided by end-diastolic volume (EDV)
The difference between EDV and ESV is the stroke volume (SV).
Return of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum is regulated by ------
Return of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is regulated by phospholamban
In its dephosphorylated state
PL inhibits Ca2+ uptake by the SR ATPase pump
β1-adrenergic activation of protein kinase phosphorylates PL, and blunts its inhibitory effect
That leads to uptake of Ca2+ ions by the SR which increase Ca2+ removal from the cytosol and promotes myocyte relaxation.
All of the following helps to increase myocyte relaxation EXCEPT?
increased cAMP activity also results in phosphorylation of troponin I, an action that inhibits actin-myosin interaction, and enhances myocyte relaxation
Dephosphorylated state of phospholamban - inhibits Ca2+ uptake by the SR ATPase pump
Phosphorylates phospholamban - greater uptake of Ca2+ ions - increases myocardial relaxation
