Evaluation of Patients

Claudication usually indicate –

A. Neurogenic disorder

B. Radiculopathy

C. Vascular disorder

D. Psychological disorder

---

---

Typical angina should satisfy ALL of the following characteristics EXCEPT –

A. Substernal discomfort

B. Initiated by exertion or stress

C. Relieved with rest or sublingual nitroglycerin

D. Associated diaphoresis

---

---

Typical angina should satisfy three characteristics:

(1) substernal discomfort,

(2) initiated by exertion or stress,

(3) relieved with rest or sublingual nitroglycerin.

Atypical angina –

Chest discomfort with two of these three criteria is considered atypical angina

---

Which of the following associated symptom has highest positive predictive value for chest pain in Diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome –

A. Radiation to both arms

B. Worse with exertion

C. Radiation to neck or jaw

D. Recent episode of similar pain

---

---

Which of the following is the term explains dyspnea on standing –

---

A. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

B. Orthopnea

C. Trepopnea

D. Platypnea

---

---

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea of cardiac origin usually occurs ——– hours after onset of sleep –

---

A. 2 to 4

B. 4 to 6

C. 6 to 8

D. 8 to 10

---

---

Which of the following condition commonly shows ‘Frog sign’?

A. Atrial fibrillation

B. Atrial Flutter

C. AVRT

D. AVNRT

---

---

What is the mechanism of ‘Frog Sign’ in AVNRT?

---

• Atrioventricular nodal tachycardia -ventricles and atria are activated simultaneously at a rate of 160 to 180 beats/min.
• This dissociation causes the atria to contract against closed mitral and tricuspid valves.
• When atria contract against closed mitral and tricuspid valves it produces rapid and regular pounding in the neck.
• This is termed the frog sign.

---